a city notable for its buildings

   Known as Porto in Portuguese, it is the second largest city after Lisbon and a major commercial-industrial center of northern Portugal, as well as the outlet of the port wine industry. The capital of Oporto district, it is also "capital of the north," in effect. The current population of the city is approximately 240,000, with that of Greater Oporto over 2 million. Oporto lies on the right (north) bank of the Douro River, about three kilometers (two miles) from its mouth. Its harbor is Leixões. Several bridges connect the city to the south bank, including the famous Eiffel Bridge, built in the 19th century by the A. Gustave Eiffel, builder of the Eiffel Tower of Paris. Among the notable historic buildings are many churches, a Gothic medieval cathedral, a bishop's palace, and the Tower of the Clérigos. There are also interesting museums and libraries. Oporto's economy has been dominated for three centuries by the port wine shippers and industry; the wine, in fact, is named after the city itself. In recent decades, however, the local economy has become diversified, and industry and manufacturing have begun to surpass port wine in importance.

   The city of Oporto, proud of its hard-working reputation and its preeminence, has an ancient rivalry with the capital, Lisbon. Since 1820, when the first liberal, constitutional movement burst forth in Oporto, the city has often anticipated Lisbon in supporting liberal political causes. Other cases occurred in the 19th century, including the January 1891 republican revolt at Oporto, and in the 20th century, Oporto's fervent support of the presidential candidacy of the ill-fated general Humberto Delgado in 1958. It is noteworthy, too, that one of the most enduring critics of the Estado Novo in its middle and late years (1940s-1960s) was a bishop of Oporto, who was exiled and penalized by the regime.

   Whether it is in soccer ( futebol), liberal causes, hard work, or politics, Oporto and its inhabitants nurse a fierce local pride and claim superiority over Lisbon. In Portuguese tradition, Oporto residents are known as "tripe-eaters" ( tripeiros), as opposed to Lisbon residents, known as "lettuce-eaters" ( alfaçinhas). Despite Lisbon's dominance of the print media, starting in the 19th century, the city of Oporto has supported some of the country's more important daily newspapers.

1 to jut out, to stick out.

el tejado sobresale varios metros the roof juts out several meters

la enagua le sobresale por debajo de la falda her petticoat is showing beneath her skirt

La cornisa sobresale mucho The cornice juts out too much.

2 to stand out.

sobresale por su inteligencia he is outstandingly intelligent

Sus logros sobresalen His achievements stand out.

* * *

Conjugation model [ SALIR], like link=salir salir

► verbo intransitivo

1 to stick out, protrude

2 figurado to stand out, excel

* * *

1) to project, protrude

2) stand out

* * *

1) (Arquit) to project, overhang, jut out; (=salirse de la línea) to stick out

2) (=destacarse) to stand out, excel

* * *

verbo intransitivo

a) alero/viga to project, overhang

b) ( ser más alto) to stand out

c)

* * *

= bulge, excel, protrude, stand out, stick out, stick up, tower above/over, stand + proud.

Ex. Finally, the scores of amendments, which had been issued to change rules or clarify their meaning, had mounted to the point where catalogers copies of the AACR were seriously out-of-date, if they were not bulging with tip-ins.

Ex. Expert systems represent an attempt to harness, as an intellectual tool, those features of the computer where it excels in the handling of data.

Ex. Internal guiding is achieved by inserting guide cards with tabs which protrude above the catalogue entries, and external guiding by labelling the outside of each drawer.

Ex. Three national library catalogues stand out as highly important sources of general bibliography.

Ex. Firth sticks out awkwardly, however, and the film appears to have been packaged around him.

Ex. Elaine poked at the ribs sticking up so oddly above the otherwise flattened skeleton.

Ex. Prague represents a unique collection of historical monuments dominated by Prague Castle towering high above the city.

Ex. Even now, hundreds of years after his death, his timepieces stand proud in historic buildings around the world.

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* sobresalir comercialmente = gain + a competitive edge.

* sobresalir por encima de los demás = stand out from + the rest, a cut above the rest, stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* sobresalir sobre = stick out from.

* sobresalir sobre los demás = stick up above + the rest, stick out above + the rest, a cut above the rest, a cut above, stand out above + the rest, stand out from + the rest, stand out in + the crowd.

* * *

verbo intransitivo

a) alero/viga to project, overhang

b) ( ser más alto) to stand out

c)

* * *

* * *

sobresalir [ I29 ]

1 «alero/viga» to project, overhang, stick out

el borde sobresale unos tres centímetros the edge sticks out o juts out o protrudes about three centimeters

la aguja de la catedral sobresalía a lo lejos the spire of the cathedral rose up o stood out in the distance

(destacarse): siempre sobresalió en los deportes he always excelled o shone o ( AmE) shined at games

sobresale entre los niños de su edad he stands out among children of the same age

sobresale por su talento musical his talent for music sets him apart from the rest

sobresale por la belleza de su interior it is notable for its beautiful interior

* * *

a) [alero/viga] to project, overhang;

b) (destacarse, resaltar) to stand out;

◊ sobresale entre los demás it/she stands out from the rest;

* * *

sobresalir vi

1. [en tamaño] to jut out, to stick out;

arreglaron la baldosa que sobresalía del pavimento they have fixed the slab which was sticking out from the Br pavement o US sidewalk;

el tejado sobresale varios metros the roof juts out several metres;

la enagua le sobresale por debajo de la falda her petticoat is showing beneath her skirt;

su cabeza sobresalía entre la masa his head stuck out above the rest of the crowd

2. [descollar] to stand out;

sobresale por su inteligencia he is outstandingly intelligent

* * *

v/t stick out, protrude; fig

excel;

sobresalir entre stand out among

* * *

sobresalir {73} vi

1) : to protrude, to jut out, to project

2) : to stand out, to excel

* * *

sobresalir vb

1. (distinguirse) to stand out [pt. & pp. stood]

2. (ser más alto) to rise above [pt. rose; pp. risen]

3. (estar más saliente) to stick out [pt. & pp. stuck]

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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In some examples of his work Mendelsohn envisaged bold, sculptural forms, dramatically expressed in light and shade, which he created with extensive use of glass, steel and concrete. Characteristic of his type of early Expressionism was his design for the Einstein Tower (1919), a physical laboratory and observatory that was purpose built for Professor Einstein's research work at Neubabelsburg near Berlin in 1921. As its shape suggests, this structure was intended to be made from poured concrete but, due to technical problems, it was erected in stucco-faced steel and brickwork. Equally dramatic and original were Mendelsohn's department stores, for example the pace-setting Schocken Stores at Stuttgart (1926) and Chemnitz (1928), the Petersdorff Store at Breslau (1927) (now Wrocaw in Poland), and a very different building, the Columbus Haus in Berlin (1929–31). One of his most original designs was also in this city, that for the complex on the great boulevard, the Kurfürstendamm, which included the Universum Cinema (1928). Mendelsohn moved to England in 1933, a refugee from Nazism, and there entered into partnership with another émigré, Serge Chermayeff from Russia. Together they were responsible for a building on the seafront at Bexhill-on-Sea, the De La Warr arts and entertainments pavilion (1935–6). This long, low, glass, steel and concrete structure was ahead of its time in England and comprised a theatre and restaurant; in the centre of the façade, facing the sea, is its chief architectural feature, a semicircular glazed staircase. Soon Mendelsohn moved on to Palestine, where he was responsible for the Government Hospital at Haifa (1937) and the Hadassah University Medical Centre in Jerusalem (1936); in both cases he skilfully adapted his mode to different climatic needs. He finally settled in the USA in 1941, where his most notable buildings are the Maimonides Hospital in San Francisco and the synagogues and Jewish community centres which he built in a number of American cities.

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SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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Nash's name is synonymous with the great scheme carried out for his patron, the Prince Regent, in the early nineteenth century: the development of Marylebone Park from 1811 constituted a "garden city" for the wealthy in the centre of London. Although only a part of Nash's great scheme was actually achieved, an immense amount was carried out, comprising the Regent's Park and its surrounding terraces, the Regent's Street, including All Souls' Church, and the Regent's Palace in the Mall. Not least was Nash's exotic Royal Pavilion at Brighton.

From the early years of the nineteenth century, Nash and a number of other architects took advantage of the use of structural materials developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution; these included wrought and cast iron and various cements. Nash utilized iron widely in the Regent Street Quadrant, Carlton House Terrace and at the Brighton Pavilion. In the first two of these his iron columns were masonry clad, but at Brighton he unashamedly constructed iron column supports, as in the Royal Kitchen, and his ground floor to first floor cast-iron staircase, in which he took advantage of the malleability of the material to create a "Chinese" bamboo design, was particularly notable. The great eighteenth-century terrace architecture of Bath and much of the later work in London was constructed in stone, but as nineteenth-century needs demanded that more buildings needed to be erected at lower cost and greater speed, brick was used more widely for construction; this was rendered with a cement that could be painted to imitate stone. Nash, in particular, employed this method at Regent's Park and used a stucco made from sand, brickdust, powdered limestone and lead oxide that was suited for exterior work.

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